Benzene and its derivatives
A. Analytical, synthetic and other evidences in the derivation of structure of benzene, Orbital picture, resonance in benzene, aromatic characters, Huckel’s rule.
B. Reactions of benzene - nitration, sulphonation, halogenation- reactivity, Friedel Crafts alkylation-reactivity, limitations, Friedel Crafts acylation.
C. Substituents, effect of substituents on reactivity and orientation of mono substituted benzene compounds towards electrophilic substitution reaction.
D. Structure and uses of DDT, Saccharin, BHC and Chloramine T.
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Unit II: Phenols*, Aromatic Amines* And Aromatic Acids*
Phenols* - Acidity of phenols, effect of substituents on acidity, qualitative tests,
Structure and uses of phenol, cresols, resorcinol, naphthols.
Aromatic Amines* - Basicity of amines, effect of substituents on basicity, and synthetic uses of aryl diazonium salts.
Aromatic Acids*– Acidity, effect of substituents on acidity and important reactions
of benzoic acid.
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Unit III: Fats and Oils
Fats and Oils
Fatty acids – reactions.
Hydrolysis, Hydrogenation, Saponification and Rancidity of oils, Drying oils.
Analytical constants– Acid value, Saponification value, Ester value, Iodine value, Acetyl value, Reichert Meissl (RM) value– significance and principle involved in their
determination.
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Unit IV: Polynuclear Hydrocarbons
Polynuclear Hydrocarbons: Synthesis, reactions.
Structure and medicinal uses of Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene,
Diphenylmethane, Triphenylmethane and their derivatives.
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Unit V: Cycloalkanes*
Cycloalkanes*
Stabilities – Baeyer’s strain theory, limitation of Baeyer’s strain theory, Coulson and
Moffitt’s modification, Sachse Mohr’s theory (Theory of strainless rings), reactions of
cyclopropane and cyclobutane only.
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